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INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
The Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) program is a highly sought after nurse today in terms of facilitating the physician"s work and quality patient care. A Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) is a highly trained nurse who specializes in administering anesthesia. These days, such a nurse is an essential link that is responsible for examining patients before surgery, administering anesthesia, and monitoring the patient"s vital signs during surgery.
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists are advanced practice nurses who administer anesthesia during surgeries and other medical procedures. CRNAs are an important part of the medical team and play a vital role in ensuring patient safety.
The concept of “upstream thinking” is ingrained in nurses early in their education. Nurses attempt to avoid the downstream fallout of a particular condition by focusing on the origin of a pathophysiological problem and the relevant social concerns and not just reacting to the presenting illness. This concept necessarily involves and addresses health inequalities and population health, which, as presented in an earlier chapter, overlaps with perioperative medicine (POM). The fundamental education and experience of certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) is rooted in this “upstream thinking” (ie, not “reacting” but being “proactive” in caregiving).
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) have been providing quality anesthesia care in the United States for more than a century. Today, CRNAs provide more than 65% of the anesthesia care received in this country each year. They are the only anesthesiologists in 85% of rural hospitals and work in all facilities where anesthesia is provided, including hospital operating rooms and obstetrics offices, ambulatory surgical centers, dentists" offices, podiatrists" offices, and plastic surgeons" offices. Approximately 26,000 CRNAs have found the opportunity to practice in all states and are recognized at the legislative or administrative level by all state boards of nursing as advanced practice nursing professionals [1].
Professionally, CRNAs in the United States are represented by the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA), in which more than 95% of all CRNAs are members. This organizational cohesion has given the AANA and its member nurse anesthetists a powerful and influential voice in the development of health care policy in the United States. Accordingly, this has resulted in significant benefits to patients in terms of receiving quality anesthesia care, as well as advancing the agenda of all advanced nursing specialties.
Nurses trained in anesthesiology were the first professional group to provide anesthesia services in the United States, and as such represent the oldest recognized group of advanced practice nursing professionals.
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REFERENCES
1. AANA Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs. ?J 992). Annual Survey of Nurse Anesthesia Education Programs. Park Ridge, IL: AANA.
2. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. (1990). Share association survey. Park Ridge, IL: AANA.
3. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. (1991). States requiring direct private insurance reimbursement to CRNAs by statute. Park Ridge, IL: AANA.
4. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. (1993). History of practice. Park Ridge, IL: AANA.
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